Pengembangan Parameter Teknologi Terhadap Prediksi Produktivitas Pembangunan Kapal Dengan Pendekatan Splin Kubik

Development ofTechnology Parameter Towards Shipbuilding Productivity Predictor Using Cubic Spline Approach. Ability of production processes associated with state-of-the-art technology, which allows the shipbuilding,is customized with modern equipment. It will give impact to level of productivity and competitiveness. This study proposes a nonparametric regression cubic spline approach with 1 knot, 2 knots, and 3 knots. The application programs Tibco Spotfire S+ showed that a cubic spline with 2 knots (4.25 and 4.50) gave the best result with the value of GCV = 56.21556, and R2 = 94.03%.Estimation result of cubic spline with 2 knots for the PT. Batamec shipyard = 35.61 MH/CGT, PT. Dok & Perkapalan Surabaya = 27.49 MH/CGT, PT. Karimun Sembawang Shipyard = 27.49 MH/CGT, and PT. PAL Indonesia = 19.89 MH/CGT

Evaluasi Ketahanan Beberapa Galur Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) Madura Terhadap Kekeringan

Tanaman Kacang Bambara dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman yang tahan terhadap kekeringan. Tanaman ini berasal dari Afrika yang kemudian dikembangkan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan beberapa galur kacang bambara terhadap kekeringan serta kebutuhan air minimum yang dibutuhkan tanaman untuk tetap tumbuh dan berproduksi dengan baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan 3 kali ulangan. Terdiri atas 4 galur (G1, G2, G3, G4) dan 4 taraf penyiraman (P1, P2, P3, P4) sehingga terdapat 16 kombinasi perlakuan. Perlakuan galur memberikan pengaruh terhadap parameter hasil (umur berbunga, jumlah polong, panjang akar, jumlah biji dan berat biji), sedangkan penyiraman mempengaruhi semua parameter pengamatan. Taraf penyiraman 100% kapasitas lapang (P1) memberikan pengaruh terbaik pada setiap parameter pengamatan, sedangkan interaksi terbaik ditunjukkan pada G4P4 pada setiap parameter pengamatan. Kebutuhan air minimum tanaman kacang bambara yaitu pada taraf penyiraman 75% Kapasitas Lapang (P2)

Preparation of anti-vicinal amino alcohols: asymmetric synthesis of D-erythro-Sphinganine, (+)-spisulosine and D-ribo-phytosphingosine

Two variations of the Overman rearrangement have been developed for the highly selective synthesis of anti-vicinal amino alcohol natural products. A MOM-ether directed palladium(II)-catalyzed rearrangement of an allylic trichloroacetimidate was used as the key step for the preparation of the protein kinase C inhibitor D-erythro-sphinganine and the antitumor agent (+)-spisulosine, while the Overman rearrangement of chiral allylic trichloroacetimidates generated by asymmetric reduction of an alpha,beta-unsaturated methyl ketone allowed rapid access to both D-ribo-phytosphingosine and L-arabino-phytosphingosine

Preparation of amino-substituted indenes and 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes using a one-pot multireaction approach: total synthesis of oxybenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids

Allylic trichloroacetimidates bearing a 2-vinyl or 2-allylaryl group have been designed as substrates for a one-pot, two-step multi-bond-forming process leading to the general preparation of aminoindenes and amino-substituted 1,4-dihydronaphthalenes. The synthetic utility of the privileged structures formed from this one-pot process was demonstrated with the total synthesis of four oxybenzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids, oxychelerythrine, oxysanguinarine, oxynitidine, and oxyavicine. An intramolecular biaryl Heck coupling reaction, catalyzed using the Hermann–Beller palladacycle was used to effect the key step during the synthesis of the natural products

Outcomes following small bowel obstruction due to malignancy in the national audit of small bowel obstruction

Introduction Patients with cancer who develop small bowel obstruction are at high risk of malnutrition and morbidity following compromise of gastrointestinal tract continuity. This study aimed to characterise current management and outcomes following malignant small bowel obstruction. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study of patients with small bowel obstruction who presented to UK hospitals between 16th January and 13th March 2017. Patients who presented with small bowel obstruction due to primary tumours of the intestine (excluding left-sided colonic tumours) or disseminated intra-abdominal malignancy were included. Outcomes included 30-day mortality and in-hospital complications. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to generate adjusted effects estimates, which are presented as hazard ratios (HR) alongside the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The threshold for statistical significance was set at the level of P ≤ 0.05 a-priori. Results 205 patients with malignant small bowel obstruction presented to emergency surgery services during the study period. Of these patients, 50 had obstruction due to right sided colon cancer, 143 due to disseminated intraabdominal malignancy, 10 had primary tumours of the small bowel and 2 patients had gastrointestinal stromal tumours. In total 100 out of 205 patients underwent a surgical intervention for obstruction. 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 11.3% for those with primary tumours and 19.6% for those with disseminated malignancy. Severe risk of malnutrition was an independent predictor for poor mortality in this cohort (adjusted HR 16.18, 95% CI 1.86 to 140.84, p = 0.012). Patients with right-sided colon cancer had high rates of morbidity. Conclusions Mortality rates were high in patients with disseminated malignancy and in those with right sided colon cancer. Further research should identify optimal management strategy to reduce morbidity for these patient groups

National prospective cohort study of the burden of acute small bowel obstruction

Background Small bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency, and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality across the world. The literature provides little information on the conservatively managed group. The aim of this study was to describe the burden of small bowel obstruction in the UK. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted in 131 acute hospitals in the UK between January and April 2017, delivered by trainee research collaboratives. Adult patients with a diagnosis of mechanical small bowel obstruction were included. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included complications, unplanned intensive care admission and readmission within 30 days of discharge. Practice measures, including use of radiological investigations, water soluble contrast, operative and nutritional interventions, were collected. Results Of 2341 patients identified, 693 (29·6 per cent) underwent immediate surgery (within 24 h of admission), 500 (21·4 per cent) had delayed surgery after initial conservative management, and 1148 (49·0 per cent) were managed non‐operatively. The mortality rate was 6·6 per cent (6·4 per cent for non‐operative management, 6·8 per cent for immediate surgery, 6·8 per cent for delayed surgery; P = 0·911). The major complication rate was 14·4 per cent overall, affecting 19·0 per cent in the immediate surgery, 23·6 per cent in the delayed surgery and 7·7 per cent in the non‐operative management groups (P < 0·001). Cox regression found hernia or malignant aetiology and malnutrition to be associated with higher rates of death. Malignant aetiology, operative intervention, acute kidney injury and malnutrition were associated with increased risk of major complication. Conclusion Small bowel obstruction represents a significant healthcare burden. Patient‐level factors such as timing of surgery, acute kidney injury and nutritional status are factors that might be modified to improve outcomes

Total synthesis of clavaminol A, C and H

The first total synthesis of clavaminol A and C, (2R,3S)-2-amino-3-alkanols from the Mediterranean ascidian Clavelina phlegraea has been achieved in 29% overall yield. The key step involved a palladium(II)-catalysed directed Overman rearrangement to create the C–N bond and install the erythro configuration while a one-pot, tributyltin hydride-mediated reduction allowed simultaneous formation of the methyl side-chain and N-acetyl group. Similarly, the first total synthesis of clavaminol H was completed in 48% overall yield using an approach that also provided the cytotoxic des-acetyl analogue

KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN KULIT BUAH MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon) SEBAGAI SUMBER ENZIM PROTEASE

The research consist of six parts.  These studies aim at : (1) seeking an accurate of extraction–isolation methode in peel of Gnetum gnemon, (2) determining pH optimum enzyme protease in peel of Gnetum gnemon, (3) determining the optimum temperature of enzyme protease in peel of Gnetum gnemon, (4) knowing the activity of enzyme in several concentrations, (5) knowing kind of enzyme based on its active, and (6) knowing the stability of enzyme to high temperature in peel of Gnetum gnemon.The research was done on February to September 2008  at Base Laboratory  of Trunojoyo University and Biochemestry Laboratory of Brawijaya University.  The first research uses saturate sulate ammonium 50 % and 60 %, acetone 1:1 and ethanol 1:1.  Observation was done on enzyme activities resulted (µmol tir.ml-1.min-1) and its rendement (%).  Extraction methode by ammonium sulfate 60 % µmol tir.ml-1.min-1 is the best methode with activity 62.15 x 10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1 and yields 1.52 %.The second research was examined in pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5.  The research result shows that the optimum activity of enzyme protease in peel of Gnetum gnemon around pH neutral is 6.5 (60.33 x10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1).The third research was experimented on temperature 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 65 and 70 degrees Celsius.  The research result shows that enzyme protease which extracted in peel of Gnetum gnemon  indicates the highiet activity 40 degrees Celcius with activity 63.94 x 10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1. The fourth research uses substrate casein 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6 % (b/v).  The research concludes that concentration of substrate casein 0.8 % shows a saturate.  The highest activity value is 63.49 x 10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1. The fifth research shows that the highest enzyme activity becaused of the influences HCN (64.26 x    10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1.  Therefore, it can be concluded that enzyme protease in peel of Gnetum gnemon is sulfidril (sulfide).The sixth research shows that the stability endures until 50 degrees Celcius (59.84 x 10- 2   µmol tir.ml-1.min-1.  It means that enzyme protease in peel of Gnetum gnemon is kind of enzyme protease with high temperature stability

A stereoselective synthesis of (+)-physoperuvine using a tandem aza-Claisen rearrangement and ring closing metathesis reaction

A stereoselective synthesis of (+)-physoperuvine, a tropane alkaloid from Physalis peruviana Linne has been developed using a one-pot tandem aza-Claisen rearrangement and ring closing metathesis reaction to form the key amino-substituted cycloheptene ring